Green Synthesis of Silver and Silver Oxide Nanoparticles From Plants and Their Characterization

More contemporary synthetic approaches have been superseded by affordable and ecologically friendly nanoparticle (NP) production technologies. Green chemistry is environmentally safe, nontoxic, biocompatible, and financially productive. In the past, numerous research teams have produced silver and silver oxide nanoparticles from diverse plant extracts, and their findings have been widely reported. Green synthesis methods utilize microorganisms, plant extracts, or proteins as bio-capping and bio-reducing agents. They function as bio-nanofactories for material synthesis at the nanoscale size to create biogenic nanomaterials. Here, we have outlined the creation process, characterization, and composition of these plant-mediated silver oxide and silver nanoparticles made by plant-mediated synthesis. Green synthesis of silver and silver oxide nanoparticles depends on variety of parameters, such as extract concentration, exposure time, temperature, and pH. UV–visible spectroscopy, DLS, TEM, SEM, XRD, EDX, FTIR, etc. can successfully characterize plant-mediated silver and silver oxide nanoparticles. Future studies must concentrate on understanding the intricate mechanism of metal and metal oxide nanoparticle synthesis and designing nanoparticles that are less hazardous, healthier, and have precisely controlled dimensions and form. Additionally, silver release is more likely to occur in small-sized spherical silver nanoparticles. This review concludes that further research into the synthesis and characterization of metallic silver and silver oxide nanoparticles made via green synthesis is necessary to bring green synthesized products to the market.