Optimal Sizing of Grid-Connected Hybrid Renewable Energy System Using the GWO Algorithm and Adapting the Time-of-Use Tariff Rates

The use of renewable resources like solar and wind has been encouraged by the depletion of conventional fuels and global warming since they are friendly to the environment. Combining these resources with battery storage can produce clean, affordable, and dependable energy. This paper presents the optimization of the solar photovoltaic (PV)-wind turbine (WT)-battery using the gray wolf optimization (GWO) to optimize the levelized cost of energy (LCE). To obtain the operational benefits of the hybrid renewable energy system (HRES), limit the use of gird power, maximize the renewable use of renewable sources, and limit the surplus Energy of the HRES, the restrictions are the power import rate from grid (PIRG) and the Excess energy rate of renewable (EERR). A novel approach to energy management is suggested, offering a variable rate for grid electricity purchases that adapts the Time-of-Use (TOU) price. The variable tariff from the grid enhances the capability and stability of the HRES. The energy management system (EMS) considers the higher cost of the grid when the burden on the grid is more and vice versa. The EMS also balances energy between renewable sources, batteries, and Demand. The proposed study has been investigated in the location of the Kanyakumari district, India.