Utilization of Animal Waste to Produce Fertilizer, Biogas, Bio-oils, and Other Value-Added Products

India is primarily an agricultural country where roughly 60% of the population depends on agriculture and related industries like animal husbandry for a living. Livestock, poultry, and other related industries like apiculture (beekeeping), pisciculture (Fish farming), etc., are all examples of animal husbandry activities. Due to artificial breeding, cattle now serve a variety of tasks and purposes. Several breeds have evolved to suit the diverse situations in human households. However, the waste produced by the rearing of these livestock is substantial. Our nation produces many lakh tons of agricultural waste annually, including leftovers from harvesting plants and crops and dung and urine of cattle and fowl. The demand for animal products also expanded due to fast population expansion, urbanization, rising per capita income, and shifting lifestyles, making it necessary to regulate animal waste. Effective use of this underutilized waste can generate significant cash for farmers, doubling their income and the national economy's wealth. Different methods to exploit animal waste are: using manure are fertilizers, production of biogas, bio-oil generation, fabrication of panchagavya, algal cultivation, manufacturing of value-added products like dried manure solid (DMS) for cattle bedding, cosmetic products from bee wastes, snail derivatives and land animal derivatives.