Advancements in Catalytic Reduction of CO2 at Ambient Conditions for Enhanced Value-Added Product Synthesis

Efforts have been made globally to convert carbon dioxide (CO2) into value-added chemicals and fuels using various techniques, including photocatalysis, electrocatalysis, and photo electrocatalysis. The chapter discusses strategies, focusing on operations under ambient temperature and pressure conditions. CO2 conversion at ambient conditions is a crucial method under investigation, which has the potential for generating a range of valuable products, including carbon monoxide, methanol, ethanol, acetic acid, formic acid, ethylene, propanol, and other C2+ hydrocarbons, and oxygenates. The research studies in these domains have concentrated on enhancing the material’s performance by developing heterogeneous catalyst materials with various morphologies and gas diffusion-based electrolyzers/reactors. These advancements have set new benchmarks for CO2 conversion performance. The chapter also provides insights into the catalytic systems and reactor configurations, highlighting aspects such as reactor design and microenvironment control within the catalyst layer and the associated challenges. It also offers an overview of current technological gaps, which could provide a valuable perspective on future directions in this critical field. The primary aim is to stimulate further research and development to improve the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of these CO2 conversion processes.