Multipath Angle Characteristic of Air-to-Ground Channels Under Urban Scenario

Multipath angle characteristics have a significant impact on the performance of the air-to-ground (A2G) wireless communications. This paper proposes a modified clustering algorithm based on a multipath cluster model to analyze extracted parameters, such as delay and angle, from realistic A2G channels in urban scenarios. A detailed scheme is presented for investigating the multipath angle characteristics in different scenarios at varying heights. This proposed scheme includes the reconstructed digital map of a realistic urban scene and A2G communication simulation by using the ray tracing (RT) method. Additionally, the study introduces a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) that fits the cluster angle offset well and offers broad applicability. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed clustering algorithm in analyzing A2G channel multipath parameters.