Evaluation of Sea Level Rise Influence on Tidal Energy in the Coastal Area of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

Ho Chi Minh City, situated in Vietnam's key economic zone, is among the ten cities worldwide facing risks from rising sea levels. A study conducted in the region examines the changes in tidal energy for four main tidal constituents (K1, O1, M2, and S2) along the coastal area of Ho Chi Minh City using a numerical model in a curvilinear coordinate system. The simulation results demonstrate an overall increase in total and potential energy, while kinetic energy decreases in both the 2050 and 2100 forecast scenarios. By 2050, the maximum total energy of the M2 constituent reaches 1.915 × 109 KJ, marking an increase of 0.083 × 109 kJ compared to 2020. In 2100, this energy rises to 2.009 × 109 kJ, indicating a further increase of 0.177 × 109 kJ compared to 2020. The kinetic energy component shows a decrease of 0.032 × 109 kJ in 2050 and 0.067 × 109 kJ in 2100 when compared to 2020. Conversely, the potential energy component experiences an increase of 0.115 × 109 kJ in 2050 and 0.244 × 109 kJ in 2100 compared to 2020. These findings lay the groundwork for future assessments of the potential for renewable energy in the sea area of Ho Chi Minh City.