Simulation and Experimental Study on Vibration and Noise of Power Transformer Under Load

In this study, we conducted an analysis of transformer electromagnetic vibration noise. We studied the vibration and noise characteristics using a multi-field coupling approach through the use of finite element simulation software. Additionally, we conducted an experiment on a laboratory transformer to measure its acoustic and vibration characteristics using an acoustic array and vibration sensor. Our research focused on a 10 kV distribution transformer. The results of our finite element simulation showed that transformer noise mainly comes from the vibration of the core due to magnetostriction, particularly when the load rate was 66%. We analyzed the time-dependent vibration acceleration of a typical position on the surface of the oil tank using a spectrum, which showed that the acceleration concentration was at 100 Hz. We also found a small amount of vibration component at 200–600 Hz. In terms of noise distribution, it was stronger at the top but weaker around certain times. To improve the accuracy of our noise test, we used the acoustic array method during our laboratory experiment to measure vibration displacement, acceleration, and noise characteristics. The experimental results were consistent with our simulation results, providing guidance and reference for the later on-site analysis of vibration and noise on transformers. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the vibration and noise characteristics of transformers, which can inform future efforts to reduce noise pollution and improve the efficiency of these critical components in the energy infrastructure.