SSA-Based FOPID Controller for AGC of Two-Area Multi-source Power System Incorporating HES Under Deregulated Environment

This study highlights an attempt to utilize a nature-inspired salp swarm algorithm SSA-tuned proportional–integral–derivative (PID)/fractional order PID (FOPID) controller in restructured two-area multi-source deregulated power system (DPS) for automatic generation control (AGC) purpose. The dynamic performance of SSA fine-tuned PID/FOPID controller has been compared with improved gravitational search algorithm (GSO)-binary particle swarm optimization (PSO), i.e., IGSA-BPSO-optimized PID controller in multi-source two-area DPS comprising reheat thermal, gas, and hydropower generating unit in each area. Further, the above system is amalgamated with hybrid energy storage (HES) device in both the areas of the system, and the impact of HES in enhancing AGC performance is evaluated. It has been revealed that SSA-tuned PID/FOPID shown superior dynamic response as compared to IGSA-BPSO-tuned PID controller. Further, a significant amelioration in the system’s dynamic performance (DP) is observed as a result of HES incorporation.