Rice–Fish-Based Agroforestry System: A Climate Smart Way to Reconcile Sustainable Livelihood Options

Rice–fish-based agroforestry systems are an innovative approach where terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem comined to increasing food production and improving livelihoods while enhancing soil health and reducing negative environmental impacts. In these systems, rice and fish are grown together in the same waterlogged fields, allowing them to share nutrients and optimize land use. This approach can reduce the need for chemical fertilizers and pesticides while decreasing water usage and manual labour. Diversifying crops and incorporating fish, agroecosystems become more resilient to changing environmental conditions such as drought or flooding. Additionally, the approach can provide farmers with a source of high-quality protein and additional income through the sale of surplus fish. This holistic approach can also lead to improved biodiversity and ecosystem services, as well as enhancing the livelihoods of farmers and their communities. Rice-fish-based agroforestry systems are directly linked with SDG 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 13, and 15, making them a promising practice to achieve the sustainable development goals. By optimizing resource utilization, diversifying crops, and integrating ecological processes, rice–fish agroforestry holds promise for achieving sustainable agricultural intensification while safeguarding natural resources and livelihoods.