Impact of Aging, Lifestyle, and Phytochemicals on the Commencement of Neurological Disorders

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are examples of neurological disorders. Common NDs include Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), Huntington’s disease (HD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). NDs are caused by the progressive loss of function or structure of nerve cells in the central nervous system. NDs typically start slowly and subtly in mid-to-late life, and both hereditary and environmental variables might affect how quickly they proceed. Brain damage, age, ethnicity, a positive family history, an unhealthy lifestyle (e.g., high-fat and high-sugar diets, and addiction to alcohol and nicotine), related exaggerated neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and endogenous variables are the main risk factors for commencement and progression of neurological disorders. NDs place a significant burden on families and healthcare systems as a leading cause of morbidity and cognitive decline in the elderly. The high levels of daily monitored care and support required, as well as the disability they induce, raise the cost and societal effect of NDs. However, it is now evident that consuming a diet rich in phytochemicals can affect neuroinflammation and may help to create innovative therapeutics that can stop the gradual malfunctioning of neuronal populations that underlie neurodegeneration.