Flow Separation and Pressure Drop Analysis for Blood Flow in Symmetric Stenosed Arteries of Various Shapes

The past two decades witnessed that the symmetric/asymmetric stenosed arteries are an active area of research as it causes numerous arterial diseases such as thrombosis and atherosclerosis, which lead to human death; hence, they need therapeutic attention. Much research has been reported concerning the shape of the stenosis as the elliptical one, but several medical data available in the literature suggest that the stenotic form is of no particular kind. Thus, the present work aims to numerically investigate the severity of a symmetric stenotic region for four different stenotic shapes (plug, triangular, trapezoidal, and elliptical) in terms of the leading pressure drop noted in the narrowed artery. The present work has been carried out for a wide range of Reynolds numbers (30–650) and % area stenosis (60.9–93.8) at stenotic length, β = 2. The new extensive results have been reported regarding the flow characteristics, separated flow zones, Euler number, etc. The separated zones, leading to the propagation of the static blood flow region, are a vital function of Reynolds number and % area stenosis for a fixed stenotic length. Based on the pressure drop analysis and separation zones, it has been noted that the plug shape is the most severe compared to other investigated ones. The triangular shape is seen to be the least severe in terms of causing the pronounced separated zones and pressure drop in the vicinity of the stenosis.