Experimental Investigations on Emissions and Performance of Spark Ignition Engine Fuelled with Butanol–Pentane–Gasoline Blends

Current energy demand has led to an increase in fossil fuel consumption. Sources of fuels have been depleting over decades. Hence, there is a need to find alternatives to gasoline and diesel in the automotive industry. Alcohols are promising oxygenates and octane boosters for gasoline. The current investigation deals with blending butanol in 20% volume along with 10% pentane to gasoline in spark ignition engine in variation with spark timing from 15°, 18°, 21°, 24°, 27°, 30° bTDC. The performance and emission characteristics of fuel have been compared with base gasoline with 1800 rpm engine speed. Here, the results show a decrease in carbon monoxide emissions and a decrease in oxides of nitrogen emissions due to the addition of butanol, brake-specific fuel consumption increases for a butanol–pentane–gasoline blend. The optimum performance of the engine is at a spark timing of 24° bTDC.