Blockchain Anomaly Transaction Detection: An Overview, Challenges, and Open Issues

In recent years, the rapid development of blockchain technology has attracted a great deal of attention from academia and industry, as it can be applied to a variety of traditional financial and non-financial domains. Blockchain provides decentralized, tamper-evident, and traceable characteristics that enhance the security of these domains. Recent researches have revealed, however, that there are some security abnormalities in the blockchain transaction process, and in order to solve these issues, the detection of the behavior of anomaly transaction is required. In this paper, we initially explore typical and abnormal transactions in blockchain technology before delving deeply into the integration of anomaly transaction detection algorithms in blockchain applications. Then, we examine conventional approaches for anomaly identification and blockchain-based techniques for transactional anomaly detection. Then, a thorough analysis of blockchain anomaly detection models in the financial domain and its application in non-financial domains was presented. Finally, based on the results of the survey, we conclude with future research directions and challenges.