Future Perspectives of Cancer Immunotherapy for the Treatment of Lung Cancer

Immunotherapy has emerged as a robust strategy for cancer management and has been steadily gaining importance. The targeting of various immune checkpoints has aided in improving survival and arresting tumour growth, thereby improving the quality of life of patients. This chapter offers an insight into the evolution of immunotherapy over time and its current status in healthcare, with a special focus on lung cancer management. In addition to this, the authors offer an insight into the discovery of new immune checkpoints, as well as common problems associated with immunotherapy, such as resistance, and prospective solutions. An important angle explored is the role of the gut microbiome in influencing therapeutic outcomes, which has been discussed. As immunotherapy continues to evolve, various advances such as deep learning, combinatorial immunotherapy and neoadjuvant have come to light. This chapter offers a holistic overview of these strategies, their current limitations in clinical practice and future perspectives.