The Role of Stem Cells in Exercise-Enhanced Organogenesis and Regeneration

The beneficial effect of exercise on the whole body is well-known, and recent evidence suggests that exercise could enhance tissue genesis and regeneration in various organs. Exercise-enhanced tissue genesis and regeneration were proven beneficial for the body’s physiological function and protective under pathological or aging conditions. This has attracted much research, focusing on the mechanism underlying exercise-enhanced organ genesis and regeneration. This chapter summarizes the effects of exercise on the organogenesis and regeneration of musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and central nervous systems. We have also discussed the molecular mechanisms involved in exercise-promoted organogenesis and renewal, including growth factors, signaling pathways, metabolic reprogramming, oxidative stress, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and so on. Finally, we discussed the therapeutic potential of targeting known regulators of exercise-induced organogenesis and regeneration. We conclude that transcriptomic and proteomic studies provide comprehensive information regarding the exercise-mediated mechanism of organogenesis and regeneration. A combination of bioinformatics and experimental validation will lead to identifying novel therapeutic targets for regenerative medicine. Moreover, advanced molecular delivery methods will facilitate strategies promoting efficient in vivo regeneration via regulators of exercise-enhanced organ regeneration.