Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Modern Off-the-Shelf Products: From Research Perspectives to Clinical Practice

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stem cells capable of differentiating into many cell types. They also have a remarkable ability to produce and secrete numerous factors that increase the endogenous regenerative potential of damaged tissue and modulate the immune system. MSCs represent a new promising approach in the treatment of many various diseases, especially those considered incurable so far. Modern treatment strategies readily use MSCs from a variety of sources. Scientists are increasingly aware of the nature of MSCs and the new possibilities for their use. Given the excellent enthusiasm for stem cell-based therapy, care should be taken to consider all possible adverse effects. This chapter discusses the therapeutic mechanisms of MSCs, the factors influencing the behavior of MSCs after transplantation, and their therapeutic efficacy.