Design and Optimization of Steering-by-Wire System for FSAC Racing Car

The Formula Student Autonomous China is the most prestigious innovation competition among the series of popular science events initiated by the China Society of Automotive Engineers. Compared to traditional race cars, Autonomous formula vehicles emphasize the autonomous driving capability. The steering-by-wire system is a crucial module in the lateral control of the car, and its performance directly affects the obstacle avoidance and turning ability of the vehicle. The steering system should possess sensitive, reliable, and stable control performance. In the design of the steering system for the new season, based on the mechanical technology inspection and installation testing from the previous year, we have identified a series of issues with the steering system, such as excessive free play in the steering wheel, looseness in the universal joint, and inadequate optimization of the Ackermann steering trapezoid. To address these problems, this paper will focus on four aspects: steering system parameter design according to the competition rules, steering trapezoid optimization using MATLAB, finite element analysis using ANSYS, and simulation optimization of the steering system using Adams car. The aim is to optimize the design of the steering system for the WUTA team in the 2023 season, improve the vehicle’s maneuverability, and achieve better control accuracy. This paper aims to provide design references for the WUTA team's steering system in the 2023 season and share optimization design experience for other Autonomous formula teams.