Analysis of the Impact of Tonga Volcano Eruption on Satellite Navigation Services

On January 15, 2022, the violent eruption of Tonga volcano in the South Pacific Ocean triggered tsunami waves and atmospheric gravity waves around the world, which had a significant impact on the Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere. Based on GNSS observations, this paper analyzes the impact of Tonga volcanic eruption on satellite navigation services from the aspects of signal propagation delay and user positioning. The results show that the troposphere over China has a short-term fluctuation of 2–3% due to the impact of atmospheric gravity waves triggered by Tonga volcanic eruption. For the middle and low latitudes, the ionosphere shows VTEC abnormal values from southeast to northwest, and the propagation speed of VTEC abnormal is basically equivalent to that of atmospheric gravity waves. The volcanic eruption caused obvious fluctuations in the up direction of positioning results. Dynamic PPP can be used for real-time monitoring of large-scale anomalies of satellite navigation services.