Mechanical Properties of Subway Shield Tunnel

Underground spaces in shanghai are congested with subways and vital urban facilities (Qiao and Peng in Tunn Undergr Space Technol 55:308–319, 2016). Utilization of deep underground spaces solves the problem regarding shortage of shallow underground space (Chen and Peng in Tunn Undergr Space Technol 75:43–66, 2018). Nevertheless, challenges facing deeply buried tunnels are still considerable. For example, soil and water pressure in the stratum deeper than 50 m exceeds 1 MPa (Wang et al. in Cold Reg Sci Technol 145:135–141, 2018), which will challenge the bearing capacity and waterproofness to deeply buried tunnels (Zuo et al. in Tunn Undergr Space Technol 77:227–236, 2018).