Digital Image Watermarking Using Integer Wavelet Transform and Singular Value Decomposition

In today’s digital era, usage of Internet is enormously increasing. Thousands of images are being transferred or shared amongst people over internet every day. Digital watermarking is a scheme used to protect the images from illegal copying or manipulation. There are several methods for digital image watermarking. However, in this paper, a singular value decomposition (SVD) and integer wavelet transform (IWT)-based technique have been adopted. The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and normalized cross correlation (NCC) are calculated for different value of alpha (embedding strength of watermark) to verify the robustness of the technique. Moreover, firefly algorithm has been used for optimizing the alpha value.