Hematological Malignancies in the UAE

Hematologic malignancies make up a substantial portion of overall cancers, and unfortunately, the incidence of hematologic malignancies continues to grow in developed countries. These encompass both inherited and acquired cancers, though complicating the differentiation is the fact that some of the primary immunodeficiencies and bone marrow failure syndromes can lead to the development of leukemia and myelodysplastic syndrome as well, besides lymphomas. Plasma cell dyscrasias are also a complicated group of conditions that include, at one spectrum, AL amyloidosis, which can be rapidly fatal if untreated, and the monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance, which can be a very slow-evolving condition. Many different classifications exist in the literature; however, in this chapter, we summarize the various classifications and then suggest the most standard classifications for the readers. The management aspects of hematologic malignancies are extremely complicated, as besides chemotherapies, immunotherapies, and radiation therapies, cellular therapies play a major role in curative therapy, including CAR-T cells and stem cell transplantation.