Properties, Applications, Defects, and Failures of Magnetorheological Fluids

Magnetorheological fluid (MR fluid) is a smart fluid with easily controllable mechanical characteristics in the presence of an external magnetic field. The theoretical researches results are obtained in the past decades and improved in recent years are reviewed. This study provides an overview of fundamental applications, properties, defects, and failures of MR fluids in engineering perspective and conjointly their evolution in past decades. Some applications are based on MR fluids are breaks, dampers, suspension systems, clutches, and engine valves, etc., and in addition, the most important defects and failures of MR fluids include hard cake, clumping, fluid-particle separation (FPS), and particle oxidation, which are briefly reviewed in this paper. The total review in this paper makes ease of work and more reliable for future researches.