Biopolymer-Based Biosensors: Fabrication and Properties

Biopolymer-based biosensors are becoming popular because biopolymers provide an excellent platform for immobilization of macromolecules and provide a biocompatible environment. Due to the excellent water absorption ability of biopolymers, they swell up easily and can eliminate diffusion barriers. Chitosan is one of the widely used biopolymer in recent years. Due to its unique biological and physicochemical properties applied area of chitosan is being expanded and it has become one of the major thrust areas for research. Nowadays chitosan is also being used as a sensing material and acts as biosensors. An integrated, portable device known as a biosensor uses a component that is biological as a element for sensing that is connected to a transducer for signal detection. Chitosan-based biosensors are in great demand because of their widespread uses, great sensitivities, and high detection limits in industries including monitoring soil nutrients, water detection, disease detection, food quality control, and many others. For the preparation of affordable, reliable, and efficient biosensor immobilization of the responses produced by biological elements is mandatory. Chitosan has nontoxic and biocompatible properties, and it also contains functional groups that act as appropriate substrate materials. Its cross-linking property would allow modifications in the structure easily. The review focuses on different type of methods for the synthesis of chitosan-based composites and their application in biosensors.