Comprehensive Review on AC-DC, DC-DC, DC-AC-DC Converters Used for Electric Vehicles and Charging Stations

The number of electric vehicles (EVs) has recently increased. For EVs, converters play a vital role. EVs have two main areas of research: EV drive systems and charging systems. In both systems, different power electronics converters need to be utilized. These converters are mainly used to converter the voltage, current, or power level. Hence, this paper reviews different converters, such as AC-DC converters, DC-DC converters, and DC-AC-DC converters. A generation of energy production is non-renewable based. DC grid as a base for EVs is more efficient than the AC-based grid system. It is also very reliable, power-efficient, easy to use, comparatively cheaper than AC, and easy to use with renewable energy sources (RESs) and integrated energy storage units (ESU). The EVs battery charging unit (BCU) power is powered with care using an energy management system (EMS) with proper control techniques. In charging stations, the converters perform a crucial role in charging EVs productively.