An Overview of Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technology

The aim of the study is to promote deeper understandings in the Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Technology by reviewing the current literature. Various types of EVs along with their basic principle and functioning are discussed based on their unique technology. The Hybrid Electric Vehicles which are emerging as the alternative to ICE Vehicles are discussed with their types. The facets for different Drivetrains within the research sector are extensive. This article also outlines the vital knowledge on various architectures of Drivetrain for meeting the desired requirement in the application and highlights the expertise of Drivetrain. A quick glance of main components required for functioning of EV such as Electric motors, energy storage devices, power electronics, battery management system is also summed up. It also covers an important part of EV, which is Energy management systems, which manages the available energy optimally for efficient use. Further, the overview of powertrain topology is also included for better understandings on the functioning of various systems in Electric Vehicles. Unlike an ICE Vehicle, there are new systems in Electric Vehicles, which were discussed with their functionality in the perspective of EV application at the end of the study.