Improvement in Voltage Stability of the System Due to Increased Penetration of Electric Vehicles Using Distributed Solar Photovoltaic Sources

Aiming to improve bus voltage profile and to enhance its voltage stability limit in a given power system including loads and increased penetration of Electric Vehicles (EVs), a distributed PV system injects both active and reactive powers. However, the uncoordinated operation of these PVs may increase the line losses. To resolve this issue, distributed PV sources are integrated at different locations of the IEEE-9 bus system which inject the active and reactive in such a way that the losses in the transmission lines are minimized. This paper proposes a secondary coordinated control scheme (SCCS), including a centralized controller. The local controller communicates the information corresponding to various bus voltages to the secondary using the communication links. If voltage deviation at a given bus becomes more than a specified limit, the secondary controller commands the nearest PV source that can inject the required active and reactive power to reduce losses occurred during power injection by the PV source. The proposed secondary controller scheme maintains the bus voltages within the specified limits. This control scheme is validated using Matlab/Simulink. Further, the maximum loadability margin of a given bus in the grid is calculated using MATPOWER. A comparison of the proposed scheme's performance with those reported in the literature demonstrates its effectiveness.