Bioproducts from Microalgal Biomass

Biomass is the general term used to refer to any non-fossil organic material derived from land- and water-based flora, as well as all organic wastes. Organic acids, lipids, proteins, and lignin make up the majority of biomass. Microalgae, which are tiny aquatic plants, make up the majority of the term “microalgal biomass.” They are a key component of the Earth’s ecology since they create the majority of the oxygen through photosynthesis and serve as a food source for other living things. Utilizing microalgae for a range of bioproduction purposes, including the creation of biofuels, food and feed additives, and cosmetics, has gained popularity in recent years. Biofuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel, biogas, and biomethane can be produced using microalgae. Due to their high oil content, microalgae are attractive source for the generation of biofuel. They can also thrive in different settings, including saltwater, and can turn waste into biofuels by utilizing it as a source of nutrients. Carotenoids and pigments are highly valuable substances that can be found in abundance in microalgae. For instance, whereas omega-3 fatty acids like DHA and EPA are employed in dietary supplements and infant formula, carotenoids like astaxanthin and lutein are used as natural food colorings. Microalgae can be consumed as a full food or as a food additive. They are a good source of polysaccharides, protein, vitamins, and minerals and can be used as a plant-based substitute for conventional diets derived from animals. Because of their anti-inflammatory, moisturizing, and antioxidant characteristics, microalgae have been employed in the cosmetics and pharmaceutical sector. They are frequently found in skincare products as well as used in treatments of various diseases. Microalgae can also be utilized as biofertilizers as they can enhance soil fertility and fix atmospheric nitrogen, which will improve plant growth and productivity. Microalgae also found application in environmental biotechnology and can be used as bio-stimulants, biopesticide, biopolymers, and so on.