Principle and Application of C-based Nanomaterials: Graphite, Graphene, and Carbon Nanotube (CNT)

This chapter aims to provide an overview of emerging carbon-based nanomaterials such as graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and their potential applications in the semiconductor industry. These materials have unique structures and properties that make them promising candidates for a wide range of applications in the field of electronics, sensors, energy storage, and optoelectronics. To begin with, graphite, a layered material made up of graphene sheets, has been extensively used as an electrode material in lithium-ion batteries due to its high conductivity and low cost. Graphene, on the other hand, a single-layer material which is one-atom thick, has exceptional electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and mechanical strength, which makes it a suitable candidate for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Furthermore, graphene has the potential to replace traditional materials, such as indium tin oxide, which are currently used in touchscreens and other display technologies. CNTs are cylindrical tubes made up of graphene sheets rolled up into tubes. They have remarkable strength, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity, making them promising candidates for applications in high-performance electronics, sensors, and energy storage devices. In particular, the unique electrical properties of CNTs make them flourish well for next-generation transistors. A comprehensive understanding of the unique properties of these carbon-based nanomaterials has the ability to revolutionize the semiconductor industry.