Utilization of Various Graphene-FET Sensors and Their Recent Developments

Graphene has emerged as an ideal candidate for various sensing applications as it is bio-inert and chemically robust. The distinctive two-dimensional hexagonal crystalline structure of graphene has resulted in significant physical properties like high transparency, excellent conductivity, massless carriers (both holes and electrons), and excellent carrier mobility (105 cm2V−1 s−1). In addition, graphene also has extraordinary mechanical stability and excellent thermal conducting property. These outstanding physicochemical and structural properties have made graphene and its derivatives find exceptional excitement in sensor application and areas of nanocomposite. Among graphene sensors, Gra-FET (graphene field-effect transistor) has emerged as a promising candidate for high sensitive, high-throughput, and real-time biological and chemical sensors. Recently, Gra-FET sensors have been used widely in sensing dopamine, tyrosine, domperidone, human chorionic gonadotropin, acetylene, etc. In this chapter, we have analyzed the sensing characteristics and performance of different Gra-FET like biological sensors, biomarker identification sensors, and chemical sensors. The recent developments in Gra-FET sensor research have also been presented.