Estimation of Minimum Inertial Energy Storage Capacity and Minimum Active Power Inertial Reserve from Frequency Behaviour of Load Loss Contingencies in India

The inertia of the grid network determines the resiliency of a power system to combat a generation outage during a contingency. The resiliency and robustness of a grid network is determined from the kinetic energy lost during the arresting period of a contingency. The first novelty and the primary aim of the paper are to estimate the minimum kinetic energy gain corresponding to load losses of above 300 MW in India during the arresting period for different contingency durations incurred throughout the five regional grid networks of India respectively from PMU-frequency data situated in North-Eastern Regional Load Dispatch Centre (NERLDC), Power System Operation Corporation Limited, Meghalaya (POSOCO), India at the 1-s interval between December 2020 and January 2022. The other novelty and secondary objective of this paper are to investigate these generation gain contingencies to estimate the minimum inertial energy storage and minimum active power inertial reserve capacity for developing grid-scale hybrid inertial energy storage systems that can be integrated with renewable energy sources to provide an inertial response in low inertia systems at the advent of a contingency in the future. The load loss event will lead to generation gains in the grid network. These generation gains can be utilized to charge hybrid energy storage systems that can be discharged during inertial failures or to curtail peak demand in the five regional power systems of India, which way forwarded can be utilized to forecast and control generation gain outages more precisely.