Modeling and Simulation of Thermostatically Controlled Loads for Power System Regulation

The thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) used in domestic as well as commercial buildings can be considered as distributed resources for regulation purpose. TCLs share a major part of the total power consumption and possess thermal inertia. This can be used for demand response and transactive energy process. Tapping of the potential of TCLs for power system regulation requires modeling in terms of its thermal dynamics. In this paper, a second-order TCL model is developed as an RC network equivalent. It includes modeling, aggregated control, parameter estimation, and response validation of TCLs in demand response and energy operation. Here, an upgraded model of aggregated TCL is recommended and its accuracy is improved for improving the grid regulation services. The setback time of compressor operation is considered here with the regulation signal to improve the aggregated behavior of the TCLs. To increase the life of compressors and to reduce the communication requirements, a probability control approach is proposed.