Fabrication of Functionally Graded Materials: A Review

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are a class of advanced materials engineered with a unique property gradient. In the functionally graded materials (FGMs) constituent and microstructures slowly changes along spatial directions in the various condition, so that change in functions and properties. FGMs can be personalized for enhanced performance. Functionally graded materials can be manufactured using various processing methods but additive manufacturing provides higher degree of control over spatial resolution and precise pathway than presently existing techniques. Since, additive manufacturing (AM) deposits materials in layer-by-layer manners of single or multiple materials, so AM has potential to regulate the composition and microstructure in multiple dimensions and directional gradient structures. This paper addresses the modeling, processing, and microstructures of FGMs produced by conventional and AM processes.