Cybernetics Analysis of the Circular Economy from Romania

The concept of the circular economy, when viewed through an economic lens, refers to an approach that strives to reduce the utilization of resources and energy during the production process, while simultaneously maximizing the value extracted from products and materials through multiple cycles of use. In this research, the Circular Economy in Romania is analyzed from a cybernetics perspective, i.e. from the perspective of a complex adaptive system. The first part of the research approaches the stage of the transition from a linear economy to a circular economy in Romania and the design of the cybernetics system of the circular economy. In the second part, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to examine the long-run and the short-run causality between renewable energy as a dependent variable and its determinants such as real GDP per capita, net greenhouse gas emissions and others. The results highlight both the dependencies between renewable energy and macroeconomic factors, as well as emphasize the inclusion of the circular economy in a cybernetics system.