Role of Pharmacogenomics in Tumor and Therapeutic Outcomes

Pharmacogenomics can be understood as the tailored treatment approach based on individual genomic structure. The treatment is where drug responses can vary with the genetic variant. Pharmacogenomics also determines genetic elements involved in a drug and its associated response. This concept of treatment has resulted in a new era of treatment, referred to as “personalized treatment.” Cancer is a disease where cancer cells abnormally multiply and progress fast, making treatment difficult. The different mutations or genetic signature and their developed resistance associated with the tumor make the treatment even grimmer. The treatment failure along with the need for safer therapies has led the development to shift to targeted therapies. These therapies in many cancers are more specific, safe, and effective when compared to cytotoxic which have a “one drug treat all” approach. Cancer biomarkers can be classified into two biomarkers, prognostic (related with disease outcome) and predictive (linked with response to drug treatment). Overall, pharmacogenomics data decreases the probability of adverse drug reactions and improves therapeutic value in cancer research.