Pharmacogenomics in Oncology: Current Challenges and Future Strategies

Cancer is a severe genetic disease characterized by uncontrolled growth of cells that is known to be tumor in the body. Benign and malignant are the types of tumors which are noncancerous and cancerous in nature, respectively. Genetic alteration occurred mainly in proto-oncogene, tumor suppressor gene, and DNA repair gene. These all regulate the cell survival and death, mutation in between these gene changes the cell fate and differentiating potency that leads to cancer. Several therapeutic interventions are available for the treatment of the various types of cancer in various stages of cell growth. Currently, therapeutic techniques like oncolytic virus therapy, gene therapy, and immunotherapy are available in the market for treatment of cancer via replacement and modulation in host faulty DNA. These new therapies genetically engineered are highly efficacious and have less side effects than previous one. In a future perspective for invention of new cancer treatment via determination with help of software rather than the use of animals, stem cell and germ cell therapy are renowned therapeutic approaches to treat and cure the cancer through replacement of cancerous cell with normal in vitro prepared cells. In this chapter, we summarize the specific primary genes that are responsible to cause specific cancer, afterward current therapies involve to treat cancer with the interaction with several cancer-associated DNA. In last, we discussed future outcomes related to cancer therapy that could be beneficial to the mankind.