Current Pathophysiology, Treatment, and Future Perspective for Prostate Cancer

Prostate Cancer (PCa) is one of the most common types of cancer in Western countries Asia due to uncontrolled cell proliferation of the prostate gland. It is the most prominent cause of death in males worldwide. In 2017, approximately 3.3 million existing survivors and 161,000 new diagnoses were reported. Various review and research articles were studied to identify pathophysiological targets for the development of new drugs for prostate cancer. Pathophysiologically, several genes are entailed with its development in addition to environmental agents like diet and inflammation. Main molecular prognostic and pathophysiological targets are tumor suppressor genes, PTEN, NKX3.1, Retinoblastoma, p53, BRCA1, BRCA2, androgen receptor, GSTP1, CYP17, SRD5A2 growth factors and its receptors, and oxidative stress involved in the initiation, maturation, and progression of PCa. Several therapies are used for the management of prostate cancer and somehow these approaches are successful to get rid of prostate cancer but associated with some serious side effects, which limit the use of chemical-based therapy so that researchers are enforced to investigate new safer, and effective therapeutic strategies. The present review highlights the symptoms, possible pathophysiological biomarkers, and available therapeutical strategies to prevent PCa, which can help to understand the correlation between pathophysiology and therapeutic agents to discover new antiprostate cancer drugs.