Solar Photovoltaic Charging of Electric Vehicle and V2G for Indian Electricity Demand Scenario

The increase in the price of fossil fuels and environmental issues such as global warming due to combustion engines has led people to switch to Electric Vehicles (EVs). The rise in the electricity demand from the Indian grid due to the charging of the large number of EVs is a major concern. The rise in Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) installation and its peak power generation during sun hours should be effectively utilized as the electricity demand during the same period is not much. Thus comes the option of charging the EVs with SPV which will not cause a burden on the Indian grid. The EVs battery is of high-capacity kWh rating and remains idle with 80% of State of Charge (SoC) for more than 16 h in a day. This unused charge with the help of Vehicle to Grid (V2G) technology can be used to inject power into the grid during the peak demand time which will give economic returns to the EV owners. This paper proposes SPV charging of EV and V2G technology to meet the 24 h electricity demand of India in a day with the aid of Bidirectional DC-DC (BiDC-DC) and Bidirectional AC-DC (BiAC-DC) power converters and their controlling strategies. This proposed work also supports the charging of EVs via the grid (G2V) in case of the unavailability of solar power. The simulation of the proposed work is done for a 2-kW rated single-stage SPV and single-phase grid-tied inverter.