Droplet Impact and Spreading Around the Right Circular Cone: A Numerical Approach

The dynamic features of a water droplet impingement and consecutive penetration around the conical surface are investigated numerically. As a means of analyzing the complex hydrodynamic behaviours of the system, axisymmetric simulations based on the finite volume method (FVM) have been employed. This numerical work will be solved by using conservation equations related to mass, momentum, and volume fraction which has been derived from conservation equations. While approaching and penetrating around the conical substrate, droplets impinge upon the surface and undergo a continuous spreading process resulting in a variety of stages, most notably free fall, hitting, cap formation, uncovering, oscillation, and detachment. Apart from this, the most important parameter is the cone base-to-droplet diameter ratio (Dc/Do) that ranges from 0.5 to 1 and to be taken for the present numerical study, to observe several deformation characteristics of the droplet continuing to spread during the whole impinging process. The influence of contact angle, cone base-to-droplet diameter ratio, and Weber number (We) on droplet impinging is investigated further by integrating droplet profile and deformation during penetration. In the current investigation, the maximum deformation factor rises with higher Weber number and significantly reduces contact angle.