Investigation on In Situ Bone Temperature Induced During End-Milling Process: A Study Intended for Bone Grafting

Bone milling is a necessary procedure to be followed to prepare the surface in total knee arthroplasty, ankle arthroplasty, bone grafting, and many other surgical procedures. Specifically, the bone milling process is very significant for the preparation of cortical autologous bone grafts. During bone grafting, the harvested bone in the form of chips, flakes, and fragments is used to fill the void caused by the diseased or defective bone regions. In this study, the effect of tool diameter, spindle speed, feed rate, and depth of cut on in situ bone temperature was studied. A machine learning model called multi-linear regression was developed to predict the in situ bone temperature. The results obtained in this study can help the surgeon to select a suitable combination of parameter values for the extraction of cortical bone without the sign of thermal osteonecrosis to local host bone as well as harvested bone pieces.