Overview

As a multi-ethnic country, China developed under an important driving force of the collision and exchange between various ethnic groups. The Song, Liao, and Jin dynasties marked a famous period of ethnic integration in the history of China. For nearly four centuries, several ethnic regimes such as Liao, Jin, Western Xia, Uyghur, and Tubo (the Tibetan regime in ancient China) coexisted with the Song Dynasty, forming many political and cultural sectors alongside the Song Dynasty. Through different complex interactions such as conflicts, checks and balances, exchanges, fusion, and reorganization, these various sectors gradually transferred from confrontation and coexistence to unification, promoting the continuous deepening and self-renewal of the Chinese culture and literature during this period.