Functional Biosensors in Cell and Tissue Fabrication for Smart Life-Sciences Applications

Biosensors are sensitive, selective, and rapid bioanalytical applications for diagnosis in cell and tissue engineering technologies. Compared to the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay performed by standard methods, biosensors provide many advantages. In particular, biosensors designed through a combination of chemical, biological, and physical methods provide a good strategy for monitoring microbiophysiological signals in real time and in situ. This chapter summarizes the latest developments in innovative biosensor applications for different technologies of biological interest, essentially cell and tissue engineering. The latest studies and innovative approaches to biosensors for the diagnosis and bioimaging of tissue disease modes due to central nervous system, cardiovascular system, and endocrine system disorders are discussed. In addition, various biochip approaches such as cell/tissue-based biosensors, flexible biosensors, and paper-based biochips are mentioned. Finally, we discuss the diagnostic challenges current biosensors face and highlight the future prospects of biosensors for cell/tissue engineering applications.