Shaping Amazigh Identity: The Case of the Netherlands

Moroccan emigration to the Netherlands started in the 1960s with individual workers reaching the country, mostly via France and Belgium, and continued with the recruitment of workers, which was based on a treaty between both kingdoms in 1969. Workers came, in particular, from the North of Morocco, which already had a history of work migration. Later, wives and children joined their husbands/fathers, and more children were born in the new country. Today (i.e., in 2021), there are 408,864 people in the Netherlands with a Moroccan background, consisting by now of three generations and a fourth one developing (Statline, bevolking kerncijfers). They form just over 2% of the population, which in November 2020 numbered 17,422,992 people (Statline, Bevolkingsontwikkeling; maand en jaar).