L’archaïsme linguistique en berbère (kabyle): étude sur un corpus parémiologique

We propose here to examine the phenomenon of linguistic archaism at all levels of linguistic analysis : phonetic, morphological, syntactic and lexico-semantic. Our corpus is made up of all the books and other paremiological materials available, notably from Ramdane At Menṣuṛ's Dictionnaire de proverbes kabyles (2010) and Youcef Nacib’s Proverbes et dictons kabyles (Maison des livres 2002). We will also use, as one of the validation tools of our hypotheses, available Kabyle dictionaries (Dallet, Haddadou, Bouamara, Meniche…). The choice of this type of corpus is motivated by the fact that a large number of paremias belonging to a state of language that can be described as archaic are preserved as they are in the current language. Hence the interest of a material where diachrony and synchrony coexist in the same state of language. We will first try to define precisely the concept of archaism and its manifestations in the three diachronic, diastratic and diatopic planes, as well as the different “degrees of archaization” (Berkai 2014a, 2015), with concrete examples, and finish by analyzing our material and the resulting conclusions.