The Tawhidi Methodological Worldview: An Integrated Circular Economy and Society

The critique of mainstream socio-economic reasoning in the light of the new yet opposing methodological worldview is explained by the specific problem of circular economy. Circular economy in its mainstream is functionally a macroeconomic concept, disjointly constructed and explained away from any possible interrelations with microeconomics. Therefore, all the extra-domain of social and scientific phenomena are dissolved from mainstream socio-scientific reasoning. However, reality is far from such a digitalized narrowed perception when viewed from the objectivity of the wellbeing criterion and its common sustainability prospect. In reference to such an opposing epistemic criticism, the mainstream meaning of the General Flow of Goods and Services (GFGS) in the context of circular economy (CE) is of exogenously separable connectivity of flows of inputs, resources, production, consumption, distribution, and recirculation across financial and real economic sectors. Contrarily, from the participatory and unified organic linkages between micro-social entities aggregating to integrated society-wide unit of analysis, there is the new epistemic conception and methodology of a new GFGS-CE understanding. This chapter examines the emergent substantive methodological difference between the two worldviews. The Tawhidi IIE(θ(ε))-model is invoked to bear upon the reformulation of the GFGS-CE theory.