History Taking and Management of a Child Presenting with Enuresis

Areas to focus on: Enuresis is not diagnosed in children younger than 5 years. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) IV criteria to diagnose enuresis: 5 years old or above child with enuresis 3 times per week or more for 3 months or more. Recurrence after at least 6 months of urinary continence suggests secondary enuresis. Differential diagnosis includes urinary tract infection (UTI), bladder dysfunction, constipation, diabetes, hyperthyroidism, diabetes insipidus, obstructive sleep apnea, seizure disorder, psychological stress, and sexual abuse.