Determination of Suitable Frequency for Underground Electromagnetic Wave Propagation

Electromagnetic waves may travel across all media, including air, water, mines, and underground. As the Electromagnetic wave propagates across different media, the transmitting and receiving qualities vary as the medium's relative permittivity changes. Determining the variation in the quantities such as received power plays an important role in the application such as mining, agriculture, defense, and subsurface applications. In this study, simulation is performed by sandwiching layer between two basic antennae. By varying the permittivity values of the layer, different soil environments are attained, and in each case received signal S12 is noted. This work focuses on creating an underground environment between the antennas and to observe the variation in the received signal properties. This paves a path to determine the frequency that is suitable for underground propagation. The simulations are performed with Electromagnetic simulator HFSS.