Plant Genetic Resources of Custard Apple

The conservation and use of genetic resources of Annonaceae edible fruits were studied through a survey conducted in 2010 by the National Network of Annonaceae of the National Plant Genetic Resources. In terms of conservation, in situ efforts are sporadic and mostly limited to backyard gardens, focusing on species like soursop, custard apple, chincuya, and sugar apple. Other species like anona, llama, and chincuya are utilized but not actively cultivated. Ex situ conservation is practiced through gene banks or collections, but only for soursop, cherimoya, and llama, with limited accessions available. However, due to the nonorthodox nature of the seeds, long-term conservation remains a challenge. Despite the high potential uses of this group of edible fruit plants, there are growing problems such as varietal diversity, plant protection, harvest technology, and lack of information on local markets, which hinder the development of the crop. Moreover, the custard apple is recognized as a delicacy in the dry regions of Lunawada, Gujarat, India. Conservation, characterization, and ex situ collection of the genetic resources of custard apple are essential. These conserved plant genetic resources can serve as sources for breeding approaches aimed at improving yield, quality, nutritional value, and resistance to abiotic stresses, thus ensuring livelihood and health security.