Effect of Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles Additives to Water Hyacinth-Diesel Mixture Biofuel on the Performance and Emissions of Single CI Engine

Using diesel and biodiesel blends as fuel has been a recent field of study, especially with nanoparticle additives. Adding cobalt oxide nanoparticles (Co3O4) to biodiesel was verified to reduce emissions. At the same time, engine performance was not given great attention to evaluating the effect of blending nanoparticles with the diesel and biodiesel mixture on the performance characteristics of the diesel engine. Then performance and emission tests were carried out using different fuel samples in a single-cylinder diesel engine. The brake thermal efficiency for the cobalt oxide nanoparticles (50 ppm, 100 ppm) and biodiesel blends was higher than that of biofuel (D80B20) blends. It was increased by 2.5% and 4.05%, respectively, compared to the blend (D80B20). The rate of carbon monoxide emissions for the two biodiesel and cobalt oxide blends was lower than that of the biodiesel blend (D80B20), and the best reduction was for the blend (D80B20N50). It was 4.3% as compared with the biodiesel blend (D80B20). Also, the nitrogen oxide emissions for all the blends with nanoparticles were lower than that of the blend D80B20 due to shortened ignition delay and less fuel added during the combustion, which led to a reduction in nitrogen oxide emissions.