Genetic Diversity Assessment in Grain Legumes

Grain legumes belong to the family Leguminosae. These are principal sources of cost-effective dietary proteins in human diets which aid in reducing malnutrition. They are a great source of isoflavones, a type of globular protein, carbs, and many other micronutrients. They improve soil fertility and nutritional value by supplying nitrogen. A large amount of grain legume diversity is held by different Gene Banks across the world. But until these germplasm accessions are not assessed for the diversity they are holding, it will merely remain as pride and joy for the nation. Therefore, analysis of the genetic diversity of grain legumes becomes very crucial. To divulge the degree of relatedness among the germplasm accession, various methods are opted such as morphological, molecular, and biochemical diversity assessment. Methods and techniques such as core collection, mini core collection, and near infrared spectroscopy modeling have efficiently supplemented the conventional methods of diversity assessment in the past few decades. Assessment of genetic variation among the accessions is very helpful in crop development initiatives. Furthermore, it will aid in achieving Sustainable development goal (SDG) targets by providing global food and nutritional security.