Study of Voltage-Controlled Oscillator for the Applications in K-Band and the Proposal of a Tunable VCO

The progress in wireless technology has simplified and streamlined the transfer or sharing of data, thereby maximizing its impact on societies worldwide. However, with these advancements, more memory space is needed to store the vast amount of information being transferred. To achieve this, the size of devices must be reduced, necessitating the scaling of MOS transistors to deep submicron levels. Transceiver is being one of the crucial components which is responsible for transmitting or receiving information from the wireless device. Within the wireless transceiver, the frequency synthesizer produces an stable output frequency and further mixed with the received signal down to lower frequencies and vice versa. To operate at high frequencies between 12 and 40 GHz, where operations are carried out at high speeds and coverage is done with multiple beams, circuits must be compatible with high speed. In this paper, we study the VCO component, list the design parameters, and propose a model in which the inductor is replaced with a gyrator-C active inductor to minimize the overall area and use the frequency of oscillations as per the requirement. The design is simulated at 90 nm technology on ADS design tool.